/LMAR=0/XLINE=10/FONT#0=NGR25/FONT#1=BAXM30/FONT#2=METSB/FONT#3=FIX25/FONT#4=MATH30/FONT#5=SUP/FONT#6=MS25/FONT#8=SUB/FONT#9=GACL25
␈↓ α∧␈↓January␈↓ ε.1979 Reports␈↓ t1

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ∧r␈↓αMOST RECENT CS REPORTS ␈↓↓-␈↓α JANUARY 1979

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    Listed␈α∩below␈α∩are␈α∩abstracts␈α∩of␈α∩the␈α∩most␈α∩recent␈α∩reports␈α∩published␈α∩by␈α∩the␈α∪Computer␈α∩Science
␈↓ α∧␈↓Department of Stanford University.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    TO␈αREQUEST␈αREPORTS:  Check␈αthe␈αappropriate␈αplaces␈αon␈αthe␈αenclosed␈αorder␈αform,␈αand␈αreturn␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓entire␈α
order␈α
form␈α
page␈α
(including␈α
mailing␈α
label)␈α
by␈α
January␈α
19,␈α
1979.␈α
 In␈α
many␈α
cases␈α
we␈α∞can␈α
print
␈↓ α∧␈↓only␈αa␈αlimited␈αnumber␈αof␈αcopies,␈αand␈αrequests␈αwill␈αbe␈αfilled␈αon␈αa␈αfirst␈αcome,␈αfirst␈αserve␈αbasis.␈α If␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓code␈α(FREE)␈αis␈αprinted␈αon␈αyour␈αmailing␈αlabel,␈αyou␈αwill␈αnot␈αbe␈αcharged␈αfor␈αhardcopy.␈α This␈αexemption
␈↓ α∧␈↓from␈α∞payment␈α
is␈α∞limited␈α
primarily␈α∞to␈α
libraries.␈α∞ (The␈α
costs␈α∞shown␈α
include␈α∞all␈α
applicable␈α∞sales␈α
taxes.
␈↓ α∧␈↓PLEASE SEND NO MONEY NOW, WAIT UNTIL YOU GET AN INVOICE.)

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ALTERNATIVELY:␈α⊃ Copies␈α⊃of␈α⊃most␈α⊃Stanford␈α⊃CS␈α⊃Reports␈α⊃may␈α⊃be␈α⊃obtained␈α⊃by␈α⊃writing␈α⊃(about␈α⊂2
␈↓ α∧␈↓months␈α⊂after␈α⊂MOST␈α⊃RECENT␈α⊂CS␈α⊂REPORTS␈α⊂listing)␈α⊃to␈α⊂NATIONAL␈α⊂TECHNICAL␈α⊃INFORMATION␈α⊂SERVICE,
␈↓ α∧␈↓5285␈α∀Port␈α∀Royal␈α∃Road,␈α∀Springfield,␈α∀Virginia␈α∀22161.␈α∃ Stanford␈α∀Ph.D.␈α∀theses␈α∀are␈α∃available␈α∀from
␈↓ α∧␈↓UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αSTAN␈↓↓-␈↓αCS␈↓↓-␈↓α79␈↓↓-␈↓α691  THE CONSTRUCTION OF INITIAL DATA FOR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓α                        FROM NONSTANDARD DATA
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓αAuthor:␈↓  Kenneth P. Bube␈↓ #(Thesis)

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ␈↓αAbstract:␈↓    We␈α⊂study␈α⊂the␈α⊂first␈α⊂order␈α⊃systems␈α⊂of␈α⊂hyperbolic␈α⊂partial␈α⊂differential␈α⊃equations␈α⊂with
␈↓ α∧␈↓periodic␈αboundary␈αconditions␈αin␈αthe␈αspace␈αvariables␈αfor␈αwhich␈αcomplete␈αinitial␈αdata␈αare␈αnot␈αavailable.
␈↓ α∧␈↓We␈αsuppose␈αthat␈αwe␈αcan␈αmeasure␈α␈↓↓u␈↓#
I␈↓#␈↓␈α,␈αthe␈αfirst␈α␈↓↓j␈↓␈αcomponents␈αof␈αa␈αsolution␈α␈↓↓u␈↓␈αof␈αthe␈αsystem,␈αperhaps
␈↓ α∧␈↓with␈αits␈αtime␈αderivatives,␈αbut␈αcannot␈αmeasure␈α␈↓↓u␈↓#
II␈↓#␈↓␈α,␈αthe␈αrest␈αof␈αthe␈αcomponents␈αof␈α␈↓↓u␈↓␈α,␈αcompletely␈αand
␈↓ α∧␈↓accurately␈α∂at␈α∂any␈α∂time␈α∂level.␈α∂ Such␈α∂problems␈α∂arise␈α∂in␈α∂geophysical␈α∂application␈α∂where␈α⊂satelites␈α∂are
␈↓ α∧␈↓used␈α
to␈α
collect␈α
data.␈α
 We␈α
consider␈α
two␈α
questions.␈α
 How␈α
much␈α
information␈α
do␈α
we␈α
need␈α
to␈α
determine
␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈α∞solution␈α
␈↓↓u␈↓␈α∞uniquely␈α
in␈α∞a␈α
way␈α∞which␈α
depends␈α∞continuously␈α
on␈α∞the␈α
data?␈α∞ How␈α
do␈α∞we␈α∞use␈α
these
␈↓ α∧␈↓data compuationally to obtain complete initial data at some time level?

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    We␈α∞investigate␈α∞several␈α∞approaches␈α∞to␈α∞answering␈α∞these␈α∞questions.␈α∞ We␈α∞show␈α∞that␈α∂under␈α∞certain
␈↓ α∧␈↓hypotheses␈α
␈↓↓u␈↓#
II␈↓#␈↓␈α
at␈αthe␈α
initial␈α
time␈αis␈α
determined␈α
uniquely␈αby␈α
and␈α
depends␈αcontinuously␈α
on␈α
the␈αdata
␈↓ α∧␈↓obtained␈αby␈αmeasuring␈αeither␈α␈↓↓u␈↓#
I␈↓#␈↓␈αover␈αa␈αwhole␈αtime␈αinterval␈αor␈α␈↓↓u␈↓#
I␈↓#␈↓␈αand␈αits␈αfirst␈αtime␈αderivative␈αat␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓initial␈α∂time,␈α∂together␈α∂ith␈α∂either␈α∂␈↓↓u␈↓#
II␈↓#␈↓␈α∂on␈α∂a␈α∂hyperplane␈α∂in␈α∂space␈α∂of␈α∂one␈α∂lower␈α∂dimension␈α∂or␈α⊂a␈α∂finite
␈↓ α∧␈↓number␈αof␈αFourier␈αcoefficients␈αof␈α␈↓↓u␈↓#
II␈↓#␈↓␈αat␈αthe␈αinitial␈αtime.␈α Our␈αresults␈αdemonstrate␈αthat␈αit␈αis␈αpossible
␈↓ α∧␈↓to reduce the data requirements of ␈↓↓u␈↓#
II␈↓#␈↓ if sufficient information about ␈↓↓u␈↓#
I␈↓#␈↓ is available.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    One␈α⊂appliction␈α⊂we␈α⊂examine␈α⊂is␈α⊂the␈α⊂effect␈α⊃of␈α⊂the␈α⊂Coriolis␈α⊂term␈α⊂in␈α⊂the␈α⊂linearized␈α⊃shallow␈α⊂water
␈↓ α∧␈↓equations on the possibility of recovering the wind fields from the geopotential height.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    We␈αpresent␈αalgorithms␈α
and␈αcomputational␈αresults␈αfor␈α
these␈αapproaches␈αfor␈αa␈α
model␈αtwo␈↓↓-␈↓by␈↓↓-␈↓two
␈↓ α∧␈↓system,␈αand␈αexamine␈αthe␈α
method␈αfor␈αintermittent␈αupdating␈α
currently␈αbeing␈αused␈αin␈αnumerical␈α
weather
␈↓ α∧␈↓prediction␈α∞as␈α∞a␈α∞method␈α
for␈α∞the␈α∞assimilation␈α∞of␈α
data.␈α∞ Our␈α∞results␈α∞suggest␈α
that␈α∞the␈α∞use␈α∞of␈α
different
␈↓ α∧␈↓frequencies of updating is important to avoid slow convergence.
␈↓ α∧␈↓January␈↓ ε.1979 Reports␈↓ t2

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓No. of pages:  119
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Available in microfiche only.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αHPP␈↓↓-␈↓α77␈↓↓-␈↓α39  MODELS OF LEARNING SYSTEMS
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓αAuthors:␈↓  Bruce G. Buchanan, Tom M. Mitchell, Reid G. Smith & C. Richard Johnson Jr.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ␈↓αAbstract:␈↓    The␈α⊂terms␈α⊂adaptation,␈α⊂learning,␈α⊂concept␈↓↓-␈↓formation,␈α⊂induction,␈α⊂self␈↓↓-␈↓organization,␈α∂and
␈↓ α∧␈↓self␈↓↓-␈↓repair␈αhave␈αall␈αbeen␈αused␈αin␈αthe␈αcontext␈αof␈αlearning␈αsystem␈α(LS)␈αresearch.␈α In␈αthis␈αarticle,␈αthree
␈↓ α∧␈↓distinct␈α⊂approaches␈α⊃to␈α⊂machine␈α⊂learning␈α⊃and␈α⊂adaptation␈α⊂are␈α⊃considered:␈α⊂ (␈↓↓i␈↓)␈α⊂the␈α⊃adaptive␈α⊂control
␈↓ α∧␈↓approach, (␈↓↓ii␈↓) the pattern recognition approach, and (␈↓↓iii␈↓) the artificial intelligence approach.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    Progress␈αin␈αeach␈αof␈αthese␈αareas␈αis␈αsummarized␈αin␈αthe␈αfirst␈αpart␈αof␈αthe␈αarticle.␈α In␈αthe␈αnext␈αpart␈αa
␈↓ α∧␈↓general␈α⊂model␈α⊃for␈α⊂learning␈α⊃systems␈α⊂is␈α⊂presented␈α⊃that␈α⊂allows␈α⊃characterization␈α⊂and␈α⊃comparison␈α⊂of
␈↓ α∧␈↓individual␈α
algorithms␈α
and␈αprograms␈α
in␈α
all␈αthese␈α
areas.␈α
 The␈αmodel␈α
details␈α
the␈α
functional␈αcomponents
␈↓ α∧␈↓felt␈αto␈αbe␈αessential␈αfor␈αany␈αlearning␈α
system,␈αindependent␈αof␈αthe␈αtechniques␈αused␈αfor␈αits␈α
construction,
␈↓ α∧␈↓and␈α∩the␈α∩specific␈α∩environment␈α∩in␈α∩which␈α∩it␈α∩operates.␈α∩ Specific␈α∩examples␈α∩of␈α∩learning␈α∪systems␈α∩are
␈↓ α∧␈↓described in terms of the model.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓No. of pages:  38
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Cost:  $ 2.80
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αSTAN␈↓↓-␈↓αCS␈↓↓-␈↓α79␈↓↓-␈↓α693  A CLASS OF SOLUTIONS TO THE GOSSIP PROBLEM
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓αAuthor:␈↓  Douglas B. West

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ␈↓αAbstract:␈↓    We␈α∞characterize␈α
and␈α∞count␈α
optimal␈α∞solutions␈α
to␈α∞the␈α
gossip␈α∞problem␈α
in␈α∞which␈α∞no␈α
one
␈↓ α∧␈↓hears␈α∞his␈α∞own␈α∂information.␈α∞ That␈α∞is,␈α∞we␈α∂consider␈α∞graphs␈α∞with␈α∞␈↓↓n␈↓␈α∂vertices␈α∞where␈α∞the␈α∞edges␈α∂have␈α∞a
␈↓ α∧␈↓linear␈αordering␈αsuch␈αthat␈αan␈αincreasing␈αpath␈αexists␈αfrom␈αeach␈αvertex␈αto␈αevery␈αother,␈αbut␈αthere␈αis␈αno
␈↓ α∧␈↓increasing␈αpath␈αfrom␈αany␈αvertex␈αto␈αitself.␈α Such␈αgraphs␈αexist␈αonly␈αwhen␈α␈↓↓n␈↓␈αis␈αeven,␈αin␈αwhich␈αcase␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓fewest␈α∩number␈α∩of␈α∪edges␈α∩is␈α∩␈↓↓2n-4␈↓,␈α∪as␈α∩in␈α∩the␈α∩original␈α∪gossip␈α∩problem.␈α∩ We␈α∪characterize␈α∩optimal
␈↓ α∧␈↓solutions␈αof␈αthis␈αsort␈α(NOHO␈↓↓-␈↓graphs)␈αusing␈αa␈αcorrespondence␈αwith␈αa␈αset␈αof␈αpermutations␈αand␈αbinary
␈↓ α∧␈↓sequences.␈α⊃ This␈α⊂correspondence␈α⊃enables␈α⊂us␈α⊃to␈α⊃count␈α⊂these␈α⊃solutions␈α⊂and␈α⊃several␈α⊃subclasses␈α⊂of
␈↓ α∧␈↓solutions.␈α∞ The␈α∂numbers␈α∞of␈α∂solutions␈α∞in␈α∂each␈α∞class␈α∞are␈α∂simple␈α∞powers␈α∂of␈α∞␈↓↓2␈↓␈α∂and␈α∞␈↓↓3␈↓,␈α∂with␈α∞exponents
␈↓ α∧␈↓determined␈α
by␈α
␈↓↓n␈↓.␈α
 We␈α
also␈α
show␈α
constructively␈α
that␈α
NOHO␈↓↓-␈↓graphs␈α
are␈α
planar␈α
and␈α
Hamiltonian,␈αand␈α
we
␈↓ α∧␈↓mention applications to related problems.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓No. of pages:  61
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Cost:  $ 3.45
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αSTAN␈↓↓-␈↓αCS␈↓↓-␈↓α79␈↓↓-␈↓α694  COMPUTER SCIENCE AT STANFORD, 1977␈↓↓-␈↓α1978
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓αEditor:␈↓  Jonathan King

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ␈↓αAbstract:␈↓    This␈α∞report␈α∞is␈α
a␈α∞review␈α∞of␈α
Stanford␈α∞Computer␈α∞Science␈α
Department␈α∞activities␈α∞for␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓academic␈αyear␈α1977␈↓↓-␈↓78.␈α The␈αreport␈αincludes:␈α (1)␈αThe␈αChairman's␈αoverview␈αof␈αthe␈αimportant␈αevents
␈↓ α∧␈↓of␈αthe␈αyear,␈α(2)␈αRecent␈αactivities␈αand␈αinterests␈αof␈αfaculty␈αmembers␈αand␈αresearch␈αassociates␈αarranged
␈↓ α∧␈↓by␈α
research␈αspecialty,␈α
(3)␈α
Advanced␈αdoctoral␈α
students␈α
in␈αeach␈α
specialty␈α
and␈αtheir␈α
research␈αtopics,␈α
(4)
␈↓ α∧␈↓Recipients␈α∃of␈α∀M.S.␈α∃and␈α∃Ph.D.␈α∀degrees,␈α∃(5)␈α∃Speakers␈α∀at␈α∃seminar␈α∃and␈α∀colloquia␈α∃series,␈α∃and␈α∀(6)
␈↓ α∧␈↓Bibliography of Computer Science Department technical reports.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓No. of pages:  27
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Cost:  $ 2.50
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αAIM␈↓↓-␈↓α321  RECENT RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND FOUNDATIONS
␈↓ α∧␈↓January␈↓ ε.1979 Reports␈↓ t3

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓α                        OF PROGRAMMING
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓αAuthors:␈↓  Lester Earnest et al.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ␈↓αAbstract:␈↓    Summarizes␈α
recent␈α∞research␈α
in␈α∞the␈α
following␈α
areas:␈α∞ artificial␈α
intelligence␈α∞and␈α
formal
␈↓ α∧␈↓reasoning,␈α∞mathematical␈α∂theory␈α∞of␈α∂computation␈α∞and␈α∞program␈α∂synthesis,␈α∞program␈α∂verification,␈α∞image
␈↓ α∧␈↓understanding, and knowledge based programming.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓No. of pages:  94
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Cost:  $ 4.35
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αHPP␈↓↓-␈↓α78␈↓↓-␈↓α22  CONSIDERATIONS FOR MICROPROCESSOR␈↓↓-␈↓αBASED TERMINAL DESIGN
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓αAuthors:␈↓  Reid G. Smith & Tom M. Mitchell

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ␈↓αAbstract:␈↓    We␈α(discuss␈α)the␈α(design␈α)of␈α(hardware␈α)and␈α(software␈α)for␈α(inexpensive
␈↓ α∧␈↓microprocessorr␈↓↓-␈↓based␈α⊃terminal/microcomputers.␈α⊂ Such␈α⊃devices␈α⊂are␈α⊃fundamentally␈α⊂microcomputers
␈↓ α∧␈↓that␈α∩have␈α∩been␈α⊃adapted,␈α∩with␈α∩specialized␈α∩software,␈α⊃to␈α∩operate␈α∩as␈α⊃remote␈α∩terminals␈α∩for␈α∩a␈α⊃host
␈↓ α∧␈↓compuer.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    The␈α∂discussion␈α∂centers␈α∂on␈α⊂a␈α∂specific␈α∂video␈α∂terminal␈α⊂designed␈α∂and␈α∂constructed␈α∂by␈α⊂the␈α∂authors.
␈↓ α∧␈↓This␈αterminal␈αis␈αbased␈αon␈α
the␈αINTEL␈α8080␈αmicroprocessor␈αand␈α
is␈αequipped␈αwith␈αsoftware␈αsufficient␈α
to
␈↓ α∧␈↓emulate␈αthe␈αcharacteristics␈α
of␈αstandard␈αvideo␈αterminals␈α
required␈αby␈αseveral␈αavailable␈α
␈↓↓screen-oriented␈↓
␈↓ α∧␈↓text editors in common use at sites throughout the ARPAnet.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    We␈α
have␈α∞found␈α
that␈α
the␈α∞microprocessor␈α
adequately␈α∞serves␈α
as␈α
the␈α∞controller␈α
for␈α∞such␈α
terminals,
␈↓ α∧␈↓and␈αthat␈αa␈α␈↓↓software-based␈↓␈αapproach␈αto␈αthe␈αdesign␈αof␈αsuch␈αterminals␈αoffers␈αsubstantial␈αadvantages␈αin
␈↓ α∧␈↓capabilities,␈α⊃flexibility,␈α∩and␈α⊃cost␈α∩over␈α⊃the␈α∩␈↓↓hardware-based␈↓␈α⊃approach.␈α∩ We␈α⊃suggest␈α∩guidelines␈α⊃for
␈↓ α∧␈↓future␈α⊂designs␈α⊂of␈α⊂microprocessor␈↓↓-␈↓based␈α⊂terminals␈α⊂on␈α⊂the␈α⊂basis␈α⊂of␈α⊂our␈α⊂experience␈α⊂designing␈α⊂and
␈↓ α∧␈↓using the terminal described here.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓In␈αorder␈αto␈αtake␈α
full␈αadvantage␈αof␈αthe␈αflexibility␈α
afforded␈αby␈αmicroprocessor␈↓↓-␈↓based␈αdesigns,␈αwe␈α
have
␈↓ α∧␈↓implemented␈α
the␈α
capability␈α
to␈α
␈↓↓download␈↓␈α
and␈αexecute␈α
8080␈α
programs␈α
written␈α
and␈α
assembled␈α
on␈αa␈α
host
␈↓ α∧␈↓computer.␈α⊃ This␈α⊃allows␈α⊃the␈α∩user␈α⊃to␈α⊃customize␈α⊃and␈α∩extend␈α⊃the␈α⊃microcomputer␈α⊃with␈α∩the␈α⊃software
␈↓ α∧␈↓development␈α∪tools␈α∪and␈α∪mass␈α∪storage␈α∪provided␈α∪by␈α∩the␈α∪host␈α∪computer.␈α∪ The␈α∪terminal␈α∪is␈α∪thus␈α∩a
␈↓ α∧␈↓complete, stan␈↓↓-␈↓alone microcomputer system specially configured for its role as a terminal.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓No. of pages:  14
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Cost:  $ 2.10
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓αAuthor:␈↓  Dick Sweet␈↓ )(thesis)

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ␈↓αAbstract:␈↓    
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓No. of pages:
␈↓"β}	 α∧␈↓Cost:  $
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε*Available from
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ∧{Stanford Systems Optimization Laboratory

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αSOL 78␈↓↓-␈↓α19  A BIDIAGONALIZATION ALGORITHM FOR SPARSE LINEAR EQUATIONS AND
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓α                        LEAST␈↓↓-␈↓αSQUARES PROBLEMS
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓αAuthors:␈↓  Christopher C. Paige & Michael A. Saunders
␈↓ α∧␈↓January␈↓ ε.1979 Reports␈↓ t4

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓    ␈↓αAbstract:␈↓    A␈α
method␈αis␈α
given␈αfor␈α
solving␈α
A␈↓↓x␈α=␈α
b␈↓␈αand␈α
␈↓↓min||␈↓A␈↓↓x-b||␈↓␈↓#v2␈↓#␈α
where␈αthe␈α
matrix␈αA␈α
is␈αlarge␈α
and
␈↓ α∧␈↓sparse.␈α∀ The␈α∀method␈α∀is␈α∀based␈α∀on␈α∀the␈α∀bidiagonalization␈α∀procedure␈α∀of␈α∀Golub␈α∀and␈α∀Kahan.␈α∃ It␈α∀is
␈↓ α∧␈↓analytically␈α⊂equivalent␈α⊂to␈α⊃the␈α⊂method␈α⊂of␈α⊂conjugate␈α⊃gradients␈α⊂(CG)␈α⊂but␈α⊂possesses␈α⊃more␈α⊂favorable
␈↓ α∧␈↓numerical␈α⊂properties.␈α⊃ The␈α⊂Fortran␈α⊃implementation␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊃method␈α⊂(subroutine␈α⊃LSQR)␈α⊂incorporates
␈↓ α∧␈↓reliable␈α
stopping␈αcriteria␈α
and␈αprovides␈α
estimates␈αof␈α
various␈αquantities␈α
including␈αstandard␈α
errors␈αfor␈α
␈↓↓x␈↓
␈↓ α∧␈↓and␈α
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 Numerical␈α
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␈↓ α∧␈↓algorithms.␈α∂ Further␈α∂results␈α∂for␈α∂a␈α∂large␈α∞practical␈α∂problem␈α∂illustrate␈α∂the␈α∂effect␈α∂of␈α∞pre␈↓↓-␈↓conditioning
␈↓ α∧␈↓least␈↓↓-␈↓squares problems using a sparse LU factorization of A.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Available␈α⊃by␈α∩writing␈α⊃directly␈α⊃to:␈α∩ Gail␈α⊃L.␈α⊃Stein,␈α∩Systems␈α⊃Optimization␈α⊃Laboratory,␈α∩Department␈α⊃of
␈↓ α∧␈↓Operations Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 U.S.A.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓↓-␈↓β␈↓

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β********************************************************************␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β********************************************************************␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε;␈↓αATTENTION!

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓α    Due␈α
to␈α	the␈α
rising␈α	costs␈α
of␈α	printing,␈α
postage␈α	and␈α
handling,␈α	we␈α
find␈α	it␈α
is␈α	now␈α
necessary␈α	to␈α
prune␈α	our
␈↓ α∧␈↓αmailing␈α∂list.␈α∂ We␈α∂will␈α∞NOT␈α∂drop␈α∂anyone␈α∂who␈α∞specifically␈α∂asks␈α∂not␈α∂to␈α∞be,␈α∂but␈α∂your␈α∂cooperation␈α∞is
␈↓ α∧␈↓αessential.  Here is how to determine if you are in danger of being dropped from our mailing list:

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓α        (1) you have not ordered any reports from us in the last year, and

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓α        (2)␈α
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␈↓ α∧␈↓αdeadline.␈↓

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␈↓ α∧␈↓expenses.
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β********************************************************************␈↓
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓β********************************************************************␈↓